Image credits

Photos, maps and illustrations on this site come from Wikimedia Commons and public agencies under the licences listed below. Satellite imagery and map data have their own attribution at the end of the page.

Articles and pages

The biggest volcanic eruptions in history — and the VEI scale

• NASA Expedition 20 crew · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Dave Harlow, USGS · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Commonists · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Austin Post, USGS · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• NASA · public domain · Wikimedia Commons

The deadliest and biggest tsunamis in history

• U.S. Navy / Philip A. McDaniel · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. Navy · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• unknown author · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• D.J. Miller, USGS · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• DimiTalen · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

What an asteroid impact does, size by size

• Nikita Plekhanov · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Leonid Kulik expedition · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• USGS / D. Roddy · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• NASA/JPL, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• NASA/Johns Hopkins APL · public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Sea level rise: how much, how fast, and which cities it reaches first

• NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• B137 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Marco Ober · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Lily-Anne Homasi / DFAT · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

The strongest and deadliest earthquakes — and how magnitude really works

• Pierre St. Amand / NOAA, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• UN Photo / Logan Abassi · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• C. J. Langer, USGS · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• EMERCOM of Russia · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• H. D. Chadwick / U.S. National Archives, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain · public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Ice age map

• Mauricio Antón · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
• Robert A. Rohde · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• NOAA · public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Max Naylor · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Maximilian Dörrbecker (Chumwa) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Hannes Grobe, AWI · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons

Real events

M7.0 deep-focus earthquake west of Japan's Bonin Islands, Oct 2026

• United States Geological Survey · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Deep M7.0 Bonin Islands earthquake shakes Ogasawara and Tokyo

• United States Geological Survey · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Mw 7.0 Baqên County earthquake, Nagqu, Tibet: October 2026 review

• World Central Kitchen · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• United States Geological Survey · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Magnitude 6.9 earthquake: Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

• Victor Morozov · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons

Super Typhoon Champi: the 10-mile miss south of Guam

• Unknown authorUnknown author · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• MODIS from NOAA's Aqua satellite · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• JMA Himawari-9 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• AHI imagery from JMA's Himawari-9 satellite · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• MODIS imagery from NOAA's Aqua satellite · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• AHI imagery from JMA's Himawari-9 satellite · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• JMA Himawari-9 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• VIIRS Nighttime Imagery from NOAA’s NOAA-20 Satellite, superimposed by ViridLeWiki, data plotted by OneFortyTwoK · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• KMA Chollian-2A (Geo-KOMPSAT-2A) · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• Unknown authorUnknown author · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
• VIIRS imagery from NOAA's NOAA-20 satellite · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Video: Marianas Press, YouTube · youtube.com

Magnitude 6.0 earthquake: New Britain region, Papua New Guinea

• NASA image courtesy Jesse Allen, based on data from the MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Magnitude 6.1 earthquake: Veraguas coast, Panama

• Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Volcanic eruption: Kanlaon, Philippines

• Bien02 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Magnitude 6.0 earthquake: Los Santos Province, Panama

• WMrapids · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

Magnitude 6.6 earthquake: Veraguas coast, Panama

• Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Panama M7.7 earthquake on the Azuero Peninsula, 9 October 2026

• U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Carolyn Dodge · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Shaking intensity map. USGS ShakeMap, public domain. · earthquake.usgs.gov
• United States Geological Survey · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Carolyn Dodge · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Carolyn Dodge · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Carolyn Dodge · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
• Video: La Prensa Gráfica Noticias de El Salvador, YouTube · youtube.com
• Video: CNN en Español, YouTube · youtube.com

Volcanic eruption: Taal, Philippines

• Ray in Manila · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Magnitude 6.7 earthquake: Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia

• Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Maps and data

Satellite imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics. Map data: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Shaking maps: USGS ShakeMap, public domain. Place data: GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Earthquake, cyclone, volcano, fireball and asteroid data: USGS, GDACS and NASA.